Source Notes

Chapter 22: A Slower Pace: Apollo 12-14

  1. 1. KSC, "AS-507 Daily Status Reports."

  2. 2. NASA, Apollo 12 Press Kit, pp. 1-2; Lt. Gen. Samuel Phillips, transcript of news conference at MSC, 24 July 1969, summarized in Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1969, p. 243; KSC, "AS-507 Daily Status Reports," June-July 1969.

  3. 3. Armed Forces Journal, 27 Sept. 1969, p. 8; NASA releases 69-1 51, 10 Nov. 1969; 70-4, 8 Jan. 1970; Spaceport News, 28 Aug., 11 Sept., 4 Dec. 1969.

  4. 4. Spaceport News, 28 Aug., 11 Sept. 1969, 18 June 1970.

  5. 5. KSC, "AS-507 Daily Status Reports"; Chauvin interview, 2 Apr. 1974; Washington Post, 30 Oct. 1969, p. A8.

  6. 6. KSC, "AS-507 Daily Status Report," 13 Nov. 1969; Washington Post, 13 Nov. 1969, p. Al; Spaceport News, 20 Nov. 1969; Sieck interview; KSC, "Apollo 12 (AS-507) Quick Look Assessment Report," 26 Nov. 1969; NASA, "Pre-Launch Press Conference," KSC and MSC, 13 Nov. 1969, pp. 6B-3, 6B-4.

  7. 7. NASA, Apollo 12 Press Kit, pp. 43-45; Widick interview, 23 May 1974.

  8. 8. "Launch VIP List Headed by Nixon," Orlando Sentinel, 13 Nov. 1969; NASA, Analysis of Apollo 12 Lightning Incident, MSC-01540, Feb. 1970, p. 12; Manned Spacecraft Center, "Apollo 12 Technical Crew Debriefing," 1 Dec. 1969, p. 2-1.

  9. 9. MSC, "Apollo 12 Technical Crew Debriefing," 4 Dec. 1969, p. 2-1.

  10. 10. 10. NASA, "Apollo 12 Post Launch Briefing," 14 Nov. 1969, at KSC, p. 8A/2.

  11. 11. Ibid.; Kapryan interview.

  12. 12. MSC, "Apollo 12 Technical Crew Debriefing," p. 3-2.

  13. 13. NASA, "Apollo 12 Mission Commentary," p. 15/1.

  14. 14. NASA, "Apollo 12 Post Launch Briefing," pp. 8A-3, 8D-2.

  15. 15. Richard M. Nixon, "Remarks to NASA Personnel at the Kennedy Space Center," 14 Nov. 1969, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1969 (Washington, 1971), p. 936.

  16. 16. NASA, "Apollo 12 Mission Commentary," summarized in Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1969, pp. 372- 78.

  17. 17. Spaceport News, 1 Jan. 1970.

  18. 18. Ibid.

  19. 19. NASA, Analysis of Apollo 12 Lightning Incident; for one contribution from the scientific community see app. B, M. Brook, C. R. Holmes, and C. B. Moore, "Exploration of Some Hazards to Naval Equipment and Operations beneath Electrified Clouds."

  20. 20. KSC, Launch Mission Rules Apollo 13 (SA-508/CSM 109. LM-7), 17 Feb. 1970, p. 1-1 7.

  21. 21. NASA, Analysis of Apollo 12 Lightning Incident, pp. 29, 36.

  22. 22. KSC, "Apollo 13 (AS-508) Daily Status Report," July 1969-Mar. 1970; KSC, "Proceedings of Manned Space Flight Subcommittee Hearings at Kennedy Space Center, 10 Apr. 1970,"pp. 20-26; Moser interview, 17 Apr. 1974.

  23. 23. KSC Board of Investigation, "Investigation of Circumstances Surrounding Incident Resulting in Destruction by Fire of Three Motor Vehicles in Vicinity of Perimeter Fence on Pad A of LC-39 on 3/25/70," see part II, 2A and 2B, for narrative of events and committee recommendations; "Transcript of Proceedings of Manned Space Flight Subcommittee at KSC, 10 Apr. {970 ," pp. 31-32; Corn interview, 22 Apr. 1974.

  24. 24. KSC, "Apollo 13 (AS-508) Daily Status Report," 27, 30, 31 Mar. 1970; NASA, Report of the Apollo 13 Review Board, 15 June 1970, pp. 4-21 through 4-23; Lamberth interview.

  25. 25. NASA, "Apollo 13 Status Report," A13-1, 9:30 a.m., 5 Apr. 1970; NASA, "Apollo 13 Change of Shift Briefing," 13 Apr. 1970, 2:30p.m., p. 20A/1; KSC, "Apollo 13 (AS-508) Daily Status Report," 6 Apr. 1970; Lamberth interview; KSC Weekly Report, Kapryan, 2 Apr. 1970.

  26. 26. KSC releases 41-70, 6 Mar.; 43-70, 11 Mar.; 153-70, 23 Mar. 1970; Spaceport News, 12,26 Mar., 23 Apr. 1970; KSC Weekly Report, Kapryan, 9 Apr. 1970.

  27. 27. KSC, Apollo News Center, "Apollo 13 Status Reports," 1-4, 6-7, 9-10 Apr. 1970; NASA, "Apollo 13 Medical Status Briefing #1," 6 Apr. 1970, 6:50p.m., p. 8c/1; NASA, "Apollo 13 Medical Status Briefing #2," 8 Apr. 1970, 6:46 p.m.

  28. 28. Baltimore Sun, 10 Apr. 1970. The $800,000 represented overtime pay for workers at KSC and the cost of the recovery force for the Pacific Ocean splashdown.

  29. 29. MSC, "Apollo 13 Prelaunch Press Conference," at KSC, 10 Apr. 1970, 2:10 p.m., pp. 12B/1-12B/4.

  30. 30. McCafferty interview, 28 Jan. 1971.

  31. 31. MSC, "Apollo 13 Prelaunch Press Conference," pp. 12A/2 and 12B/2.

  32. 32. KSC, "Apollo 13 (AS-508) Post Launch Report," 24 Apr. 1970; KSC, "Apollo 13 (AS-508) Flight Summary."

  33. 33. MSC, "Apollo 13 Mission Commentary," 13 Apr. 1970, CST 8:34 p.m. GET 55:11, pp. 165 1 through 168/1.

  34. 34. Ibid., p. 196/1.

  35. 35. NASA, Report of Apollo 13 Review Board, pp. 4-25 through 4-46.

  36. 36. Ibid., pp. 4-46 through 4-48; NASA, Current News, 11, 17 Apr. 1970; McCafferty interview, 28 Jan. 1971; KSC, Kennedy Space Center Story, 1971, pp. 152-54.

  37. 37. Washington Post, 17 Apr. 1970.

  38. 38. NASA, Report of Apollo 13 Review Board, p. 5-1.

  39. 39. Ibid., pp. 4-17 through 4-23, 5-1 through 5-9.

  40. 40. Ibid., preface.

  41. 41. NASA, "Transcript of Press Conference at KSC on 9 Nov. 1970," quoted in Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1970, p. 364; New York Times, 10 Nov. 1970, p. 33; for changes in Apollo 14 launch dates see Apollo Program Directives 4K, 4M, 4N; also Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1970, pp. 7, 205, 218.

  42. 42. KSC, "Apollo 14 (AS-509) Daily Status Reports."

  43. 43. NASA, Apollo 14 Press Kit, 8 Jan. 1971, p. 93; Humphrey interview.

  44. 44. KSC, "Apollo 14 (AS-509) Daily Status Reports"; OMSF, "Apollo Program Weekly Status Reports," June-Aug. 1970.

  45. 45. KSC, "Apollo 14 (AS-509) Daily Status Reports"; KSC, "Apollo 14 Post Launch Report," 16 Feb. 1971.

  46. 46. Spaceport News, 3 Dec. 1970; Washington Post, 12 Jan. 1971; Houston Chronicle, 18 Jan. 1971.

  47. 47. McCafferty interview, 28 Jan. 1971.

  48. 48. KSC, "Apollo 14 Post Launch Report"; Spaceport News, 11 Feb. 1971.

  49. 49. New York Times, 15 Nov. 1969, quoted in Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1969, p. 380.

  50. 50. NASA, Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1967, pp. 17, 337; 1968, pp. 19, 241; NASA Historical Pocket Statistics, Jan. 1974, pp. D-2 through D-7.

  51. 51. OMSF, "Apollo Program Directive 4-K, Subject: Apollo Program Schedule and Hardware Planning Guidelines and Requirements," 10 July 1969, pp. 5-7 and 10-11.

  52. 52. Lee A. DuBridge, testimony on NASA FY 70 Authorization before the Senate Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences, 9 May 1969, quoted in Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1969, p. 134.

  53. 53. New York Times, 10 Aug. 1969, p. 44; see Lunar Exploration: Strategy for Research 1969-1975, published by the National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Space Science Board, for further evidence of attitudes in the scientific community.

  54. 54. Washington Post, 5 Oct. 1969.

  55. 55. NASA, America's Next Decades in Space, A Report for the Space Task Group, Sept. 1969.

  56. 56. NASA, "Apollo Program Directive 4-M," 16 Mar. 1970, with cover sheet from Mathews

    to Debus, 6 Apr. 1970; George Low, Dep. Admin., NASA, "Fiscal Year 1971 Budget Briefing for Community Leaders," KSC, 2 Feb. 1970; transcript of NASA news conference, Washington, D.C., 2 Sept. 1970, summarized in Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1970, pp. 284-85.

  57. 57. Debus, "Briefing for Community Leaders on FY-1970 Budget at the Kennedy Space Center," 30 Apr. 1960; Miles Ross, Dep. Dir., KSC, "Briefing at Breakfast Meeting of Brevard County Chamber of Commerce," 25 Sept. 1973; Kaufman interview.

  58. 58. New York Times, 26 Oct. 1969, p. F15; Orlando Sentinel, 13 Nov. 1969, p. 2A; Miami Herald, 11 Oct. 1970, p. H14; Charles Johnson interview.

  59. 59. Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 17 Nov. 1970.

  60. 60. Kapryan discussed the question of morale at the Apollo 12 prelaunch briefing, 13 Nov. 1969; see the minutes, p. PC/6E/2.

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